Indeed, Mg is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and the second most abundant intracellular cation. This hypothesis is certainly feasible given the cation’s ubiquitous distribution and role throughout the body.
The idea that magnesium (Mg) supplementation modifies the effect of chronic stress dates back to 1981 ( Classen, 1981). There is a continued interest in identifying new possibilities to alleviate stress and improve quality of life in a fast-changing, modern world.
Nowadays, the profound implications of stress in human pathology are unanimously recognized and represent a dynamic field of research. As compared to homeostatic values (blood oxygen, blood pH, and body temperature), which have to be kept within a narrow range, the allostatic mediators (hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, catechol- amines, and cytokines) may vary during daily and seasonal routines ( McEwen, 2008b Ablin and Buskila, 2010 Billard, 2006). To further refine the stress concept, Sterling and Eyer (1981) proposed the term allostasis to describe the process of achieving stability through change. More, the amygdala activates neurons in the hippocampus and neocortex, where threatening stimuli are associated with fear, in order to adapt future behaviour to avoid danger ( Rupniak, 2005). The neuroendocrine response to stress initiates hyperventilation, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, a sudomotor response (sweating), increased blood flow to skeletal muscles, and perturbations of gut function (the 'fight or flight' defence reaction) in order to enable body survival. Although there is no generally accepted definition, stress can be understood to be a complex adaptive biochemical, physiological, psychological and gene expression change of the organism (stress response) triggered by a stimulus (stressor) that was interpreted by the brain as being dangerous ( McEwen, 2008b Kantorovich et al., 2008). It consists of three stages of adaptation: an initial brief alarm reaction, a prolonged period of resistance, and finally, the stage of exhaustion and death. General adaptation syndrome, as he called it, is the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change. Subsequently, Hans Selye in 1936 adapted a concept from physics describing the resistance of a body to applied pressure in order to define the concept of stress (Neylan, 1998). While Claude Bernard was the first who defined the term of “milieu interieur” as being "the constancy of the internal environment" (see Cameron, 2007), it was Walter Cannon who coined the terms "homeostasis” and “fight-or- flight response" ( Quick, 1994). At the beginning of the twentieth century, Walter Cannon pioneered research concerning the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in adaptation of the body ( Quick, 1994).
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